William Ross Ashby (1903-1972) était un psychiatre et un pionnier de la cybernétique, l’étude de la science des communications et des systèmes de contrôle automatique dans les machines et les êtres vivants.
Il est connu pour la loi de la variété requise, le principe d’auto-organisation, le théorème du bon régulateur, la construction de l’homéostat automatiquement stabilisateur, et ses livres Design for a Brain (1952) et An Introduction to Cybernetics (1956) [2].
Ashby était une figure clé du développement de la cybernétique dans la Grande-Bretagne d’après-guerre [3]. Il a également introduit le concept d’amplification de l’intelligence, qui a été proposé comme alternative à l’intelligence artificielle par Hao Wang dès les premiers jours des prouveurs de théorèmes automatiques [4].
[1] « W. Ross Ashby (6 September 1903 – 15 November 1972) was an English psychiatrist and a pioneer in cybernetics, the study of the science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things. His first name was not used: he was known as Ross Ashby. [7] : 91 »
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Ross_Ashby
[2] « He is best known for the law of requisite variety, the principle of self-organization, intelligence amplification, the good regulator theorem, building the automatically stabilizing Homeostat, and his books Design for a Brain (1952) and An Introduction to Cybernetics (1956) . »
URL: http://www.rossashby.info/
[3] « William Ross Ashby (1903-1972) was a pioneer in cybernetics and systems theory and a key figure in the development of cybernetics in postwar Britain. »
URL: https://archives.library.illinois.edu/thought-collective/cyberneticians/w-ross-ashby/
[4] « The term intelligence amplification (IA) has enjoyed a wide currency since William Ross Ashby wrote of amplifying intelligence in his Introduction to Cybernetics (1956). Related ideas were explicitly proposed as an alternative to Artificial Intelligence by Hao Wang from the early days of automatic theorem provers . »
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_amplification
